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Guiding Principles for Exploration

• Exploration of the solar system will be guided by compelling questions of scientific and societal importance.
• Consistent with the NASA Vision and Mission, NASA exploration programs will seek profound answers to questions of our origins, whether life exists beyond Earth, and how we could live on other worlds.

• NASA will make progress across a broad front of destinations.
• Consistent with recent discoveries, NASA will focus on likely habitable environments at the planet Mars, the moons of Jupiter, and in other solar systems.
• Where advantageous, NASA will also make use of destinations likethe Moon and near-Earth asteroids to test and demonstrate new exploration capabilities.

• NASA will send human and robotic explorers as partners, leveraging the capabilities of each where most useful.
• Robotic explorers will visit new worlds first, to obtain scientific data, demonstrate breakthrough technologies, identify space resources, and send tantalizing imagery back to Earth.
• Human explorers will follow to conduct in-depth research, direct and upgrade advanced robotic explorers, prepare space resources, and demonstrate new exploration capabilities

• NASA will pursue breakthrough technologies, investigate planetary resources, and align ongoing programs to develop sustainable, affordable, and flexible solar system exploration strategies.
• The vision is not about one-time events and, thus, costs will be reduced to maintain the affordability of the vision

• NASA will pursue this vision as our highest priority.
• Consistent with the FY 2005 Budget, NASA will immediately begin to realign programs and organization, demonstrate new technical capabilities, and undertake new robotic precursor missions to the Moon and Mars before the end of the decade.

Key Elements of New Space Policy

• Refocus research to exploration factors affecting astronaut health, and
• Acquire crew and cargo systems, as necessary, during and after availability of Shuttle.

• Develop a CEV to travel beyond low Earth orbit, the first new U.S. human space flight vehicle since the 1980s.
• Undertake first test flight is planned by the end of this decadein order to provide an operational capability to support human exploration missions no later than 2014.

• Begin robotic missions to the Moon by 2008, followed by a period of evaluating lunar resources and technologies for exploration.
• Begin human expeditions to the Moon in the 2015 2020 timeframe.

• Conduct robotic exploration of Mars to search for evidence of life, to understand the history of the solar system, and to prepare for future human exploration.
• Timing of human missions to Mars will be based on available budgetary resources, experience and knowledge gained from lunar exploration, discoveries by robotic spacecraft at Mars and other solar system locations, and development of required technologies and know-how.

• Conduct robotic exploration across the solar system for scientific purposes and to support human exploration.
• In particular, explore Jupiter's moons, asteroids and other bodies to search for evidence of life, to understand the history of the solar system, and to search for resources;

• Conduct advanced telescope searches for Earth-like planets and habitable environments around other stars;

• Develop and demonstrate power generation, propulsion, life support, and other key capabilities required to support more distant, more capable, and/or longer duration human and robotic exploration of Mars and other destinations.

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