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ISS Program Office Briefing: "Options for Increased ISS Crew Size"

 
STATUS REPORT
Date Released: Saturday, April 13, 2002
Source: Johnson Space Center


Options for Increased ISS Crew Size

CB/Wendy Lawrence, DA/Dennis Webb, DT/Pete Beauregard April 9, 2002


Issue Needing Management Direction: Budget assumptions for larger crews (Options 2-4)

  • Prior POP planning horizon did not include larger crews
    - Cost has not been assessed and implementation is not consistent with prior assumptions
  • Expedition crew plan depends significantly on:
    - Rotation mechanism (Shuttle versus Soyuz)
    - Crew Role and Task assignments
    - How many of the 6/7 crew need backup crewmembers
  • OM suggests that 3 of the 6/7 crewmembers will be Russians rotated on Soyuz, remainder rotating on Shuttle

  • CB and MOD training have assessed role and task concept for larger crew and identified issues.

  • Goal of additional crewmembers is to increase utilization return

    - Rotation options vary in benefit to utilization hours
  • Increment crewmembers will rotate in segments
    - Logistics and increment requirement process need to be assessed
  • Recommendation: OM lead OC, OZ, CB, and MOD in defining minimum cost integrated crew rotation concept for larger crews.


    Overview of Large Crew Scenario

  • 3 Russians (or Russian sponsored crewmembers) rotate on Soyuz
    - Do all Russian Segment core ops, including EVA
    - Russian assignment to US or other IP core and utilization tasks subject to negotiation
    - If no CRV, separate taxi crews twice a year for second Soyuz
  • 3 or 4 Americans and Other IP rotate on Shuttle
    - Do most US Core and all USOS EVA/Robotic
    - Do most US and other IP Utilization
  • Soyuz and Shuttle rotatees are changed out asynchronously
    - 6 month stays with a part of crew changed out more frequently
    - Crews are less integrated - Structure forces some segmented ops
    • CDR Handover between Russian and US not straightforward
    • Each CDR will have 8-11 crewmembers over his or her increment not counting Taxi crews
    • Most crewmembers serve under two different CDRs
    • Difficult to train all crewmembers together who will serve together

    7-Person Crew Issues

  • Cannot rotate all 4 non-Soyuz rotatees on a single shuttle flight
    - Shuttle recumbent seat limitation
    - Need to rotate in groups of 2 or 3
  • Options
    - Pairs: Rotate 2 crewmembers each of 4 shuttle flights/year
    - Scientist: Rotate 3 crewmembers twice a year and the 4th member ("scientist") on each remaining shuttle flight


    Without further guidance, MOD will assume:

  • 6 crewmembers of the larger crews will get full systems training
    - 3 are Russians rotating on Soyuz with an emphasis on Russian segment and support to Russian EVA
    - 3 are US and non-Russian IPs will rotate as a group on shuttle with emphasis on US and non-Russian IP systems, including US EVA and Robotics
  • US and non Russian IP crew-members will receive training on US and non-Russian utilization

  • With CRV, 7th crewmember will be a dedicated utilization person who will rotate on shuttle flights not rotating the other 3 ("Scientist Option")

  • All crewmembers will have backups

    Forward work

  • Assumptions needed to refine training cost and improve utilization:
    - How many US/CSA/ESA/NASDA Core and Utilization tasks and hours should be assumed by the Soyuz-rotated crew?
    - For 7-person crew, which rotation scheme maximizes utilization?
    - Can we omit backups for some crewmembers?
    - Does a resolution of the CDR issue bring any new training requirements?
  • Determine net utilization crew hour capability for 6/7 crew

  • Potential other Cost-bearing impacts:
    - Crew logistics for larger crews and various rotation schemes
    - Mission Integration complexity with frequent crew changeout


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